Inversión gramatical: negativos, only y condicionales sin if
28 preguntas · opción múltiple, ordenar frases, transformar frases, verdadero o falso y relacionar · corrección al instante
Opción múltiple
Localiza la inversión
Elige la única continuación correcta en el registro formal de estas frases.
Rarely such a detailed objection.
Not until the final page the missing signature.
Only when the sensors failed how dependent we were on them.
Hardly had the judge begun speaking the alarm sounded.
No sooner had the doors closed someone requested entry.
the funding be withdrawn, the trial would have to stop.
Ordenar
Construye el énfasis
Ordena las palabras. Empieza por la expresión negativa o restrictiva cuya primera palabra lleva mayúscula.
- Pulsa las palabras para construir la frase
- Pulsa las palabras para construir la frase
- Pulsa las palabras para construir la frase
- Pulsa las palabras para construir la frase
- Pulsa las palabras para construir la frase
- Pulsa las palabras para construir la frase
Transformación
Cambia el foco
Completa con una estructura de inversión sin cambiar el significado. Usa entre dos y cinco palabras, incluida la palabra clave sin modificarla. Las contracciones cuentan como sus formas completas. No sustituyas por sinónimos las palabras de la frase original.
We had never faced such a complex legal dispute before.
HAD
Never before such a complex legal dispute.
If I had known about the leak, I would have stopped the work.
HAD
about the leak, I would have stopped the work.
If you need further assistance, contact the duty manager.
SHOULD
further assistance, contact the duty manager.
We understood the risk only after we read the report.
DID
Only after we read the report the risk.
The minister did not acknowledge the error at any stage.
DID
At no stage the error.
If the data were more reliable, we could draw a firm conclusion.
WERE
more reliable, we could draw a firm conclusion.
Verdadero o falso
Comprueba dónde se invierte
Marca Verdadero si la frase es gramaticalmente correcta y Falso si contiene un error.
Only after the appeal had failed the campaigners sought legal advice.
No sooner had the verdict been announced than the crowd erupted.
Not only the director but also the trustees were consulted.
Seldom she has faced such sustained criticism.
Had the pilot been informed, the diversion could have been avoided.
Relacionar
Interpreta el énfasis
Relaciona cada frase invertida con la paráfrasis que conserva su significado.
Pulsa un elemento de la izquierda y después su pareja de la derecha.
Explicación
La inversión coloca un auxiliar antes del sujeto para dar énfasis o construir ciertas condiciones formales. Aunque el orden recuerda al de una pregunta, la frase sigue siendo una afirmación o una condición.
Expresiones negativas al principio
Con never, rarely, seldom, little, at no point o under no circumstances al inicio, invertimos auxiliar + sujeto.
- We have rarely seen such precision. → Rarely have we seen such precision.
- She knew little about the scheme. → Little did she know about the scheme.
Si ya hay un auxiliar, lo desplazamos. Si no lo hay, añadimos do / does / did y dejamos el verbo principal en forma base.
| Orden habitual | Orden enfático |
|---|---|
| You should never reveal this. | Under no circumstances should you reveal this. |
| He rarely complains. | Rarely does he complain. |
| We had never considered it. | Never had we considered it. |
Only y not until: invierte la principal
Con only then, only after, only when o not until, la inversión aparece en la oración principal, no dentro de la subordinada inicial.
- Only when the fog lifted did we see the harbour.
- Not until the audit ended was the fraud discovered.
Pero only + sujeto no provoca inversión: Only the accountant knew the code. Aquí restringimos quién conocía el código, no la circunstancia de la acción.
Sucesos casi simultáneos y énfasis doble
| Patrón | Ejemplo |
|---|---|
| hardly / scarcely + had… when | Hardly had we sat down when the lights failed. |
| no sooner + had… than | No sooner had she arrived than the meeting began. |
| not only… but also | Not only did they object, but they also demanded a review. |
En el último patrón solo se invierte la primera oración. Also puede ocupar distintas posiciones, pero suele ir antes del verbo léxico.
Condiciones sin if
- Had + sujeto + participio: Had I seen the crack, I would have reported it.
- Were + sujeto + complemento / to + infinitivo: Were the plan to fail, we would need an alternative.
- Should + sujeto + infinitivo: Should you have any questions, call us.
La negativa se coloca después del sujeto: Had we not intervened, the damage would have spread. Estas formas son especialmente frecuentes en textos formales.
Truco: tras did desaparece el pasado del verbo principal: Rarely did she complain, no did she complained. Y recuerda que adelantar only the director no basta para justificar una inversión.