Ejercicios de relative clauses: defining y non-defining
28 preguntas · opción múltiple, huecos, relacionar, verdadero o falso y transformar frases · corrección al instante
Opción múltiple
El relativo adecuado
Elige la única opción que completa correctamente la frase, respetando las comas y las preposiciones.
The manuscript, was discovered in a cupboard, is now on display.
The researcher findings challenged the old theory has won a prize.
The colleague to I sent the draft is on leave.
The workshop we repaired the frame has closed.
The server failed during the demonstration, embarrassed the presenter.
My aunt, lives in Dundee, restores old maps.
Completar
Completa el vínculo
Escribe un solo pronombre o adverbio relativo en cada hueco. No omitas el relativo.
The designer studio was flooded has found a temporary workspace.
Our new scanner, arrived on Tuesday, uses less power.
The village in my grandparents met no longer exists.
The volunteers run the night shelter need more blankets.
The room the interview took place had no windows.
The consultant with we negotiated has retired.
Relacionar
Interpreta la estructura
Relaciona cada frase con la descripción de su relativa. Cada descripción corresponde a una sola frase.
Pulsa un elemento de la izquierda y después su pareja de la derecha.
Verdadero o falso
Revisa omisión y puntuación
Marca Verdadero si la frase es gramaticalmente correcta y Falso si contiene un error.
The folder I downloaded was empty.
My supervisor, that works in Bristol, has approved the budget.
The candidate whose CV impressed us has withdrawn.
The engineer who repaired the pump she has left.
The consultant to that we spoke was very helpful.
Transformación
Une las oraciones
Completa con una oración de relativo que una las dos frases. Usa la palabra clave sin cambiarla y conserva las palabras originales. No añadas ni omitas comas en el hueco.
A nurse helped me. Her brother is a pilot.
WHOSE
The nurse helped me.
I stayed at a cottage. The cottage had a thatched roof.
WHICH
The cottage had a thatched roof.
They moved to a town. They had first met in that town.
WHERE
They moved to the town .
I spoke to a researcher. She designed the survey.
WHO
The researcher designed the survey.
Our only printer has broken down. We bought it in May.
WHICH
Our only printer, , has broken down.
Explicación
Las relative clauses describen un sustantivo o comentan una idea. La diferencia entre defining y non-defining afecta al significado, a las comas y a los pronombres disponibles.
Defining: identificar de quién o de qué hablas
Una relativa especificativa selecciona una persona o cosa dentro de un grupo. No lleva comas.
- The passengers who had electronic tickets used the side entrance. (solo esos pasajeros)
- The folder that you deleted contained the invoices.
Non-defining: añadir información
Una relativa explicativa aporta un dato sobre un referente que ya está identificado. Va entre comas, o detrás de una coma si termina la frase.
- Our pilot, who had flown this route before, recognised the valley.
- The replacement pump, which arrived this morning, is already leaking.
No usamos that ni omitimos el relativo en estas oraciones.
| Referencia | Especificativa | Explicativa |
|---|---|---|
| Persona | who / that; whom como objeto formal | who; whom como objeto formal |
| Cosa | which / that | which |
| Posesión | whose + sustantivo | whose + sustantivo |
| Lugar | where / preposición + which | where / preposición + which |
Whose también puede indicar posesión con cosas: a building whose roof needs repairs.
Sujeto y objeto: cuándo omitir
Si el relativo es objeto, puede desaparecer en una especificativa: The report (which) I submitted was incomplete. El sujeto de submitted ya es I.
Si es sujeto, debe aparecer: The report which arrived was incomplete. No podemos quitar which porque no quedaría sujeto para arrived.
Preposiciones y significado
- Conversación: the person who I spoke to; también the person I spoke to.
- Registro formal: the person to whom I spoke.
- Lugar: the office where I work = the office in which I work.
Where no sustituye a un objeto directo: the office which we bought, porque compramos la oficina; no realizamos allí otra acción.
Which tras una coma puede referirse a toda una idea: They extended the deadline, which helped everyone. What no se usa como relativo detrás de un antecedente: the document that I need.
Truco: no repitas dentro de la relativa el elemento que ya representa el pronombre: the colleague who helped me, no the colleague who she helped me. Antes de poner comas, decide si la información identifica o solo añade un dato.